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The Journal of Operations Research, Statistics, Econometrics and Management Information Systems
Assessing The Effects of Various Socio-Economic and Health Indicators on HDI Country Categories
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Abstract
The human development indicator (HDI) is based on three indicators: standard of living, life expectancy, and education level. Although being widely known and commonly used, the accuracy of the HDI has been criticized in the literature due to the inadequacy of its indicators. The present study uses 11 indicators to classify countries and compares the results by country groups against similar HDI ranked country groups. Furthermore, using multinomial logistic regression analysis, the effects of the 11 indicators on the country categories of HDI are investigated. The findings show that although the main cluster characteristics are similar to HDI categories, some differences exist in the classification of countries. Health indicators have a striking effect on low HDI countries relative to high HDI countries. FDI inflows and CO2 emissions per capita are significant indicators for low and middle HDI relative to high HDI countries. However women’s involvement in parliament and work are not distinctive or effective indicators.
Keywords: Cluster Analysis, Gender Effect, Health Indicators, Human Development Index, Human Development Indicator, Multidimensional Scaling, Multinomial Logistic Regression
Çeşitli Sosyo-Ekonomik ve Sağlık Göstergelerinin İnsani Gelişme Endeksi Ülke Kategorileri Üzerindeki Etkilerinin Değerlendirilmesi
Öz
İnsani Gelişme Endeksi (İGE) yaşam standardı, ortalama yaşam beklentisi ve eğitim düzeyi göstergelerine dayalıdır. İGE’nin tanınırlığı ve yaygın kullanımına karşın, endeksin yetersiz faktörlerle açıklanmasından dolayı doğruluğu konusu literatürde tartışılmaktadır. Bu çalışma 11 göstergeyi dikkate alarak ülkeleri kümelemiş ve elde edilen kümeleri İGE ülke kategorileri ile karşılaştırmıştır. Ayrıca söz konusu 11 faktörün İGE ülke kategorileri üzerindeki etkisi multinomial lojistik regresyon analizi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular ülke sınıflarının genel özelliklerinin İGE kategorileriyle benzerlik gösterdiğini ama bununla beraber sınıflamada bazı farklılıkların olduğunu göstermiştir. Sağlık göstergeleri, düşük İGE kategorisinde yer alan ülkelerde, çok yüksek İGE kategorinde yer alan ülkelere oranla oldukça etkilidir. Yüksek İGE kategorisinde yer alan ülkeler referans olarak alındığında, doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar ve kişi başına düşen CO2 emisyonu göstergelerinin, düşük ve orta İGE kategorisinde yer alan ülkelerde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu görülmüştür. Bununla beraber, kadınların parlamentodaki ve iş gücündeki katılımları etkili ve ayırt edici bir faktör değildir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Cinsiyet Etkisi, Kümeleme Analizi, Multinomial Lojistik Regresyon Analizi, Sağlık Göstergeleri, Çok Boyutlu Ölçekleme Analizi, İnsani Gelişmişlik Endeksi
Suggested citation
(). Assessing The Effects of Various Socio-Economic and Health Indicators on HDI Country Categories. Alphanumeric Journal, 4(1), 1-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17093/aj.2016.4.1.5000171922
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2016.04.01.STAT.01
alphanumeric journal
Pages 1-10
Received: Jan. 27, 2016
Accepted: March 3, 2016
Published: April 12, 2016
2016 Yorulmaz, Ö.
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