• ISSN: 2148-2225 (online)

Ulaştırma ve Lojistik Kongreleri

alphanumeric journal

The Journal of Operations Research, Statistics, Econometrics and Management Information Systems

Investigation of Causality Relationships among COVID-19 Cases, ISE100 Index, Dollar, Euro, Gram Gold Prices and 2 Years Bond Rates: The Case of Turkey


Yüksel Akay Ünvan, Ph.D.


Abstract

The purpose of this research is to analyze such economic data during the outbreak of the COVID-19 in Turkey. The variable rates were taken from COVID-19 situations, ISE-100 index, Turkish lira dollar (TRY), TRY euro prices, TRY gram Gold and two year bond rates. General COVID-19 information was provided and certain financial indicators were investigated in COVID-19 (47 days). First of all, these variables were used as descriptive statistics and correlation matrix. For the purposes of stationarity testing, the first variables were stationary with Augmented Dickey-Fuller and Phillips-Terron Tests. The lag duration of the deployment model VECM was then calculated as the fourth lag with the highest information requirement. The co-integration relationship between the variables was calculated by the Johansen Cointegration Test. Thanks to this relationship, the variables have a long-term correlation. The Vector Fix Model (VECM) was chosen because it is co-integration. Inverse roots, autocorrelation and normality have been developed, which are essential assumptions to use the VECM (4) model; Therefore, the Granger Causality / Block Exogeneity Wald Test was applied to the variables of the VECM(4) model to define causality relationships between these variables. The results of this test have identified causalities for Turkey 2 years of government bond rates, Euro in TRY, Dollar prices in TRY and Gram in TRY

Keywords: Bonds, COVID-19, COVID-19 Turkey, Dollar, Euro, Gold, ISE100

Jel Classification: C50, C58


Suggested citation

Ünvan, Y. A. (). Investigation of Causality Relationships among COVID-19 Cases, ISE100 Index, Dollar, Euro, Gram Gold Prices and 2 Years Bond Rates: The Case of Turkey. Alphanumeric Journal, 8(1), 29-42. https://doi.org/10.17093/alphanumeric.731303

bibtex

References

  • Agung, I. G.N. (2008). Time Series Data Analysis Using Eviews. Singapore:Wiley.
  • Agung, I. G. N. (2011). Cross Section and Experimental Data Analysis Using Eviews. Singapore:Wiley.
  • Ahmed, W.M. (2011). Comovements and Causality of Sector Price Indices: Evidence from the Egyptian Stock Exchange. International Journal of Business and Emerging Markets, 4(3). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1740288. Accessed: 13 April 2020.
  • Akpolat, A.G. & Altıntaş N. (2013). Enerji Tüketimi İle Reel Gsyih Arasindaki Eşbütünleşme ve Nedensellik İlişkisi: 1961-2010 Dönemi. The Journal of Knowledge Economy & Knowledge Management, 8(2), 115-127.
  • Andrei, D.M. & Andrei, L.C. (2015). Vector Error Correction Model in Explaining the Association of Some Macroeconomic Variables in Romania. Procedia Economics and Finance, 22, 568-576.
  • Baldwin, R. & Mauro, B.W. (2020). Economics in the Time of COVID-19. CEPR Press. Available at: https://voxeu.org/content/economics-time-covid-19. Accessed: 16 April 2020.
  • Borsa İstanbul. (2020). Debt Instruments. Available at: https://www.borsaistanbul.com/urunler-ve-piyasalar/urunler/borclanma-araclari. Accessed: 26 April 2020.
  • Dickey, D. & Fuller, W. (1979). Distribution of the Estimators for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74 (366), 427-431.
  • Egeli H.A. & Egeli H. (2008). Bir Geçiş Ekonomisi Olarak Kırgızistan’ın Dış Borçlarının Sürdürebilirliği. Sosyoekonomi Journal, 7(7), 11-26.
  • Engle, R.F. & Granger, C.W.J. (1987). Co-Integration and Error Correction: Representation, Estimation, and Testing. Econometrica, 55(2), 251-276.
  • Garcia, M.T.M. & Rodrigues, A.C.G. (2019). The Dynamic Relationship Between Stock Market Indexes And Foreign Exchange. Research in Economics and Mathematics Working Paper, 090, 1-25.
  • Gormsen, N.J. & Koijen, R.S.J. (2020). Coronavirus: Impact on Stock Prices and Growth Expectations (April 8, 2020). University of Chicago, Becker Friedman Institute for Economics Working Paper No. 2020-22. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3555917. Accessed: 17 April 2020.
  • Göçer, İ., Mercan, M., Peker, O., & Bulut, Ş. (2013) Türkiye’de Cari Açığın Nedenleri, Finansman Kalitesi ve Sürdürülebilirliği: Ekonometrik Bir Analiz, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 8(1), 213-242.
  • Günaydın, İ. (2004). Vergi - Harcama Tartışması: Türkiye Örneği, Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 5 (2), 63-181.
  • Gujarati, D.N. (2004). Basic Econometrics. New York: McGraw Hill, Inc.
  • Horn, R.A. & Johnson, C.R. (1985). Topics in Matrix Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Hosseini, S.M., Ahmad, Z., & Lai, Y.W. (2011). The Role of Macroeconomic Variables on Stock Market Index in China and India. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 3(6), 233-143.
  • Johns Hopkins University (JHU). (2020). Coronavirus COVID-19 Global Cases by The Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE). Available at: https://gisanddata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/opsdashboard/index.html#/bda7594740fd40299423467b48e9ecf6. Accessed: 25 April 2020.
  • Ju G., Meimei D., & Chao Z. (2009). A study on correlation of wind farms output in the large-scale wind power base. Constatin Brancusi Univeristy of Targu Jiu Annals - Economy Series, 1, 277-284, May.
  • Mushtaq, R. (2012). Augmented Dickey Fuller Test. SSRN Electronic Journal: 1-19. Available: at https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1911068. Accessed: 13 April 2020.
  • Öztürk, S. & Pehlivan, Ö.S (2020). The Relationship between Democracy and Foreign Direct Investment in Turkey: Toda-Yamamoto Causality Analysis (1974-2018). Balkan Journal of Social Sciences, 9(17), 113–118.
  • Pharmaceutical Technology. (2020). Coronavirus: A timeline of How the Deadly Covid-19 Outbreak is Evolving. Available at: https://www.pharmaceutical-technology.com/news/coronavirus-a-timeline-of-how-the-deadly-outbreak-evolved/. Accessed: 16 April 2020.
  • Sevüktekin, M. & Nargeleçekenler, M. (2010). Ekonometrik Zaman Serileri Analizi. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Tarı, R. & Yıldırım, D.Ç. (2009). Döviz Kuru Belirsizliğinin İhracata Etkisi: Türkiye için Bir Uygulama. Yönetim ve Ekonomi, 16(2). Celal Bayar Üniversitesi İ İ.B.F.
  • The World Health Organization (WHO). (2020a). Novel Coronavirus – China. Available at: https://www.who.int/csr/don/12-january-2020-novel-coronavirus-china/en/. Accessed: 16 April 2020.
  • The World Health Organization (WHO). (2020b). Statement on the Second Meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) Emergency Committee Regarding the Outbreak of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/30-01-2020-statement-on-the-second-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations-(2005)-emergency-committee-regarding-the-outbreak-of-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov). Accessed: 16 April 2020.
  • The World Health Organization (WHO). (2020c). WHO Director-General's Opening Remarks at the Media Briefing on COVID-19 - 11 March 2020. Available at: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020. Accessed: 16 April 2020.
  • The World Health Organization (WHO). (2020d). Clinical Management of Severe Acute Respiratory Infection When Novel Coronavirus (nCoV) Infection is Suspected: Interim Guidance. Available at: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/clinical-management-of-novel-cov.pdf. Accessed: 16 April 2020.
  • Turkish Ministry of Health. (2020). Turkey’s Daily Coronavirus Table. Available at: https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/. Accessed: 25 April 2020.

Volume 8, Issue 1, 2020

2020.08.01.ECON.02

alphanumeric journal

Volume 8, Issue 1, 2020

Pages 29-42

Received: May 3, 2020

Accepted: June 17, 2020

Published: June 30, 2020

Full Text [677.0 KB]

2020 Ünvan, YA.

This is an Open Access article, licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Creative Commons Attribution licence

scan QR code to access this article from your mobile device


Contact Us

Faculty of Transportation and Logistics, Istanbul University
Beyazit Campus 34452 Fatih/Istanbul/TURKEY

Bahadır Fatih Yıldırım, Ph.D.
editor@alphanumericjournal.com
+ 90 (212) 440 00 00 - 13219

alphanumeric journal

alphanumeric journal has been publishing as "International Peer-Reviewed Journal" every six months since 2013. alphanumeric serves as a vehicle for researchers and practitioners in the field of quantitative methods, and is enabling a process of sharing in all fields related to the operations research, statistics, econometrics and management informations systems in order to enhance the quality on a globe scale.